Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The anti-hyperglycemic efficacy of a lipid-lowering drug Daming capsule and the underlying signaling mechanisms in a rat model of diabetes mellitus

doi: 10.1038/srep34284

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Images (×400) of immunofluorescence staining of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide) expression in ileum in the Control, DM and DMC groups. ( B ) Immunofluorescence results (×400) indicating GIP expression. (scale bar: 20μm). ( C ) Quantification of the GLP-1 fluorescence intensity (integrated density per stained area). ( D ) Quantification of the GIP fluorescence intensity (integrated density per stained area). *p < 0.05 vs Control, # p < 0.05 vs DM; mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: The ileum tissues were fixed with 4% buffered paraformaldehyde and were incubated with GLP-1 and GIP antibody (Wuhan Boster Biological Technology., LTD, China) at 4 °C overnight, followed by incubation with the secondary antibody anti-rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor 488: Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing, Control, Fluorescence

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The anti-hyperglycemic efficacy of a lipid-lowering drug Daming capsule and the underlying signaling mechanisms in a rat model of diabetes mellitus

doi: 10.1038/srep34284

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) GLP-1 concentrations in the serum in the in the Control, DM and DMC groups. ( B ) GCG (the gene encoding GLP-1) mRNA levels in ileum. ( C ) GIP concentrations in the serum in the five groups. ( D ) GIP mRNA levels in ileum. ( E ) Insulin levels in the serum in the five groups. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs Control, # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 vs DM; mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: The ileum tissues were fixed with 4% buffered paraformaldehyde and were incubated with GLP-1 and GIP antibody (Wuhan Boster Biological Technology., LTD, China) at 4 °C overnight, followed by incubation with the secondary antibody anti-rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor 488: Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The anti-hyperglycemic efficacy of a lipid-lowering drug Daming capsule and the underlying signaling mechanisms in a rat model of diabetes mellitus

doi: 10.1038/srep34284

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Molecular structure of Emodin. ( B ) Relative protein levels of p-GSK-3β, GSK-3β, β-catenin and TCF7L2 in Control and Emodin groups under different glucose conditions, detected by the western blot analysis. ( C ) Relative mRNA expression of β-catenin and TCF7L2 in Control and Emodin groups under different glucose conditions, detected by real-time PCR. ( D ) GLP-1 and GIP concentration measured by ELISA in the cell supernatant in Control and Emodin groups under different glucose conditions. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs control under no glucose, # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 vs control under low glucose, &p < 0.05, && p < 0.01 vs control under high glucose; mean ± SEM. ( E,F ) Inhibition of TCF7L2 and GSK-3β abolished DMC’s effects. ( E ) Effects of emodin (the main component of DMC) and SB216763 (a specific GSK-3β inhibitor) on the protein levels of β-catenin and TCF7L2 under HG (high glucose) conditions. ( F ) Relative mRNA expression of β-catenin and TCF7L2 in the three groups. ( G ) Relative protein expression of TCF7L2 in HG, HG + emodin and HG + emodin + TCF7L2 SiRNA groups. ( H ) GLP-1 and GIP concentration measured by ELISA in the cell supernatant in the three groups. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs HG, #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 vs HG + Emodin; mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: The ileum tissues were fixed with 4% buffered paraformaldehyde and were incubated with GLP-1 and GIP antibody (Wuhan Boster Biological Technology., LTD, China) at 4 °C overnight, followed by incubation with the secondary antibody anti-rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor 488: Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR).

Techniques: Control, Western Blot, Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Inhibition

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The anti-hyperglycemic efficacy of a lipid-lowering drug Daming capsule and the underlying signaling mechanisms in a rat model of diabetes mellitus

doi: 10.1038/srep34284

Figure Lengend Snippet: DMC is an effective strategy to lower blood glucose by upregulating the GLP-1 and GIP secretion and increase the GCG, GIP transcription by enhancing the TCF7L2 expression through the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway.

Article Snippet: The ileum tissues were fixed with 4% buffered paraformaldehyde and were incubated with GLP-1 and GIP antibody (Wuhan Boster Biological Technology., LTD, China) at 4 °C overnight, followed by incubation with the secondary antibody anti-rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor 488: Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR).

Techniques: Expressing